Principles of Biomedical Science Practice Exam

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• What is the term for the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C?
• What is the display of chromosome pairs arranged by size and shape called?
• A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose.
• A written reference to a specific work by an author identifying where the work may be found is called what?
• Which describes an electrical device for stimulating or steadying the heartbeat?
• Which term denotes the portion of blood pressure measured while the heart is at rest between contractions?
• Which term denotes a type of lymphocyte that differentiates under the influence of the thymus and is involved in cell-mediated immunity?
• Which term describes the process by which a microbial organism moves from one host to another?
• A parasitic worm is referred to as a?
• Group expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher to show that the experimental setup was capable of producing results.
• Which cell structure is the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm, composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins, and formed by two subunits?
• A group in which all conditions are the same as the experimental group except the independent variable is not applied.
• Which term best describes a collection of components organized to accomplish a specific function?
• Which valve guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
• The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle is relaxed, allowing the chambers to fill with blood.
• A clear prediction of the anticipated results of an experiment is a ...
• A specialized mass of conducting cells located at the atrioventricular junction in the heart.
• A physician who performs an autopsy when death may be accidental or violent and may also serve as the coroner is called what?
• Which term denotes a cylindrical or rod-shaped bacterium?
• Which circulation carries venous blood from the right atrium to the lungs for oxygenation and back to the left atrium?
• Which form of diabetes is typically associated with autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, often presenting in childhood?
• The large arterial trunk that carries blood away from the heart.
• A measurement of heart electrical activity.
• Having an affinity for water is described as what?
• Which field studies microscopic life forms such as bacteria and viruses?
• Which term refers to a protist within the phylum Protozoa?
• Which term means something spiral in form?
• What macromolecule serves as the building block for proteins?
• Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart to the body?
• Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that yield distinct restriction fragment patterns are called what?
• Which term refers to a submicroscopic infectious agent that consists of a protein coat surrounding a nucleic acid and can replicate only inside living cells?
• What is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration called?
• Which term refers to infectious proteins that induce normal proteins to convert to abnormal forms?
• Which vein returns blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium?
• Which test is used to assess average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months by analyzing a modified form of hemoglobin?
• A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity is called what?
• A substance needed by the body to maintain life and health.
• Which term describes the movement of suspended particles through a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field?
• Which laboratory technique amplifies DNA in vitro using primers, DNA polymerase, and nucleotides?
• Which diagram shows inheritance across generations?
• Which term describes a group of components designed to work together for a specific purpose?
• Which branch of biology deals especially with microscopic forms of life such as bacteria, protozoans, viruses, and fungi?
• Which process uses water to break chemical bonds?
• The tissue mass in the right atrium that initiates impulses for heartbeat is called what?
• An attractive force that holds atoms together in a molecule.
• Which term is used to describe a genetic variation detected by differences in fragment lengths after restriction enzyme digestion?
• Which term refers to a structure composed of tissues that performs a specific function?
• Which form of diabetes is most commonly associated with obesity and reduced insulin sensitivity?
• What is the differential staining method that fixes bacteria to a slide, stains with crystal violet and iodine, then washes with alcohol and counterstains with safranin?
• Which molecule stores genetic information and is typically found in a double-stranded helical form?
• Which term describes a chronic heart or circulatory condition rather than an acute event?
• During which phase of the heartbeat are the ventricles contracting and ejecting blood?
• Which valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle?
• What term captures the idea of an assembly designed to perform a defined function?
• What is the monomer of carbohydrate?
• A study designed to determine the effect that one variable has upon another variable is called an ...
• In comparing two solutions, which has the greater solute concentration?
• Which term describes a signaling molecule released by cells that travels through the bloodstream to act on distant target cells?
• Which term describes the complete set of chromosomes in a cell, typically displayed in metaphase?
• Which term describes an abnormal decrease of sugar in the blood?
• What term is used for a group of elements arranged to fulfill a specific purpose, with interactions among parts?
• Which base pairs with cytosine in DNA?
• Which term describes a liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances?
• A parasitic worm such as a tapeworm, liver fluke, ascarid, or leech is called?
• Which chemical process splits a molecule by adding water?
• Which term means having an aversion to water?
• The study of the heart and its action and diseases.
• What is the surgical bypass operation performed to shunt blood around an obstructed coronary artery called?
• Which imaging procedure visualizes blood vessels after injecting a radiopaque substance?
• What word best defines a collection of blocks that function together as a unit?
• What is the radiographic visualization of blood vessels after the injection of a radiopaque substance called?
• Which feedback mechanism is exemplified by the process of blood clotting?
• Which term describes a substance that consists of two or more elements in a fixed ratio?
• All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group is called?
• The transmission of traits from ancestor to descendant is called?
• In an experimental setup, the standard for comparison that does not receive the independent variable is called the ...
• Which lipoprotein particle carries more cholesterol and is linked to increased risk of heart disease when elevated?
• Which term describes a discrete unit of hereditary information located on DNA or RNA?
• Which term refers to the spread of a disease-causing agent from one host to another?
• Which term denotes the transmission of traits from parent to offspring?
• Which process involves synthesizing a polypeptide from mRNA?
• What term describes an excess of sugar in the blood?
• What is the smallest structural unit capable of functioning independently?
• An instrument for measuring blood pressure is called what?
• In a chemical solution, what term refers to the substance dissolved in the solvent?
• What structure in the heart is also called the natural pacemaker?
• An abnormal organic condition of the heart or of circulation.
• Which class of molecules is insoluble in water and includes fats?
• What term describes the measure of cardiac activity usually expressed as the number of beats per minute?
• A substance used to show visually the presence of acids or bases in a solution.
• Which term means having an affinity for water?
• A bond where atoms share electron pairs?
• Which term describes a sudden neurological event caused by rupture or obstruction of a brain vessel?
• Which term describes the application of biology and physiology principles to clinical medicine?
• Which term describes a procedure performed under sterile conditions?
• Which document lists all sources consulted in researching information?
• Which term denotes a collection of elements combined to perform a shared function?
• The allele is an alternative form of a gene at a locus.
• The smallest unit of an element that retains its properties.
• Which vein returns blood to the right atrium from parts of the body below the diaphragm?
• Which term describes chromosomes that carry the same genes at the same loci in the same order?
• The examination of the body after death to determine the cause of death is called what?
• Which instrument is used to measure arterial blood pressure?
• What is the term for a substance that is dissolved in a solution?
• Which term denotes the medical procedure of inserting a stent to keep a vessel open?
• Which cell type develops in the bone marrow and produces antibodies?
• Which nucleic acid is usually single-stranded and uses uracil; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses?
• Which word fits the definition: a collection of parts organized to achieve a particular function or set of functions?
• Negative control groups help identify outside influences by providing a condition where the outcome is expected to be negative.
• What discrete unit of hereditary information consists of a specific nucleotide sequence?
• What technique separates nucleic acids or proteins by size and charge using an electric field in a gel?
• The pressure generated by the left ventricle during systole is called what?
• Chemical transformation or change; the interaction of chemical entities.
• Which condition involves lipid deposits in artery walls leading to narrowing?
• A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels and is antagonistic to insulin is called what?
• Which structure in the cell nucleus contains the genetic material and is usually linear?
• What term describes a collection of tissues that performs a particular function or set of functions in an organism?
• A triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and binds to a complementary codon during protein synthesis is called what?
• Which term describes a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA that specifies an amino acid or termination signal?
• Which term denotes the observable traits due to gene-environment interactions?
• Which term describes an acute episode of heart disease marked by death or damage of heart muscle due to insufficient blood supply, usually as a result of coronary thrombosis or occlusion?
• What is the surgical procedure or operation for inserting a stent, a mold to keep a passageway open, into an anatomical vessel?
• What is the building block of DNA consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group?
• Which term refers to the privacy standards for handling health information?
• A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.
• Which term represents the medical specialty focused on heart conditions and diseases?
• A spherical bacterium is called?
• Which term describes the building block of nucleic acids?
• Which term is energy content of food measured in kilocalories?
• The ability to resist a particular disease is known as?
• Which base pairs with thymine in DNA?
• A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
• Which purine base is a component of nucleic acids and energy-carrying molecules and pairs with thymine in DNA?
• What term refers to molecules responsible for heredity and variation of organisms?
• A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis.
• Which vein returns blood to the right atrium from the upper half of the body?
• Which term refers to the network that circulates blood and exchanges gases in the body?
• Which term refers to the initial educated guess that explains the relationship between variables?
• Which term refers to sudden loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion caused by rupture or obstruction of a brain blood vessel?
• The measurable effect, outcome, or response that researchers study is the ...
• Which staining method differentiates gram-positive from gram-negative bacteria?
• Which hormone raises blood glucose levels and is antagonistic to insulin?
• Which surgical bypass operation shunts blood around an obstruction in a coronary artery by grafting a segment of vein to the aorta and to the coronary artery downstream?
• Which process describes building larger molecules by removing a water molecule?
• Pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels, usually measured by means of a sphygmomanometer and expressed in millimeters of mercury.
• Which term describes the genome, containing all genes and other DNA sequences?
• A valve located at the opening of the right atrium into the right ventricle and has three triangular flaps.
• Specialized clothing or equipment, worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials (as defined by OSHA).
• What term names the cluster of risk factors including high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, and high fasting glucose?
• The rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction is called what?
• A large molecule consisting of many repeating chemical units linked together.
• What is the collective term for the heart, blood vessels, and blood?
• The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle contracts and the chambers pump blood is called what?
• The smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance and is composed of one or more atoms.
• Which term denotes abnormally high blood pressure?
• The variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher is the ...
• Changes in the walls of large arteries consisting of lipid deposits on the artery walls are known as what?
• Which system includes the brain and spinal cord and transmits signals to the rest of the body?
• Which type of chromosome is not directly involved in determining sex?
• Which feedback mechanism tends to amplify a process or increase its output (example: blood clotting)?
• Which class of molecules includes fats, phospholipids, and steroids?
• The dissolving agent of a solution is commonly called what?
• Having two identical alleles for a given gene is called what?
• The act of creating citations to identify resources used in writing a work is known as what?
• Which term means something that increases risk or susceptibility?
• Which professional performs autopsies and may serve as coroner in some jurisdictions?
• Which term describes something that is communicable by contact?
• Which term denotes the sex-determining chromosome?
• The field that studies evidence used in legal settings is called the ...
• Which term describes the maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions in the face of environmental fluctuations?
• A document listing all sources used to research information is called what?
• Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions.
• Which term refers to a protist within the phylum or subkingdom Protozoa?
• Having two different alleles for a given gene is referred to as?
• Which term describes a configured set of parts that collectively perform a function, often seen in complex designs?
• Which process describes water moving across a membrane from areas of higher water concentration to lower water concentration?
• The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.
• A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA and attached to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein is called what?
• What term refers to a substance produced by living cells that travels through the bloodstream to affect distant target cells?
• Which molecule family is primarily responsible for heredity?
• Which form of diabetes typically develops in adults and obese individuals, due to impaired insulin utilization?
• What term describes the basic unit of life that makes up all living organisms?
• What molecule is composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups and acts as the energy currency of the cell?
• Which term describes a collection of parts that together provide a particular function or set of functions?
• What is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?
• A simple graphical way of discovering all potential genotype combinations given parents' genotypes?
• Which term denotes a collection of elements organized to execute a defined task or set of tasks?
• Which form of diabetes usually develops in childhood and is characterized by severe insulin deficiency?
• Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the veins and sends it to the ventricles?
• Which comprehensive set of standards gives patients rights regarding their personal health information?
• Which circulation supplies all body organs and returns oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium?
• What term refers to an arrangement of parts that work together to carry out a function, commonly used in engineering and biology?
• What term refers to any of the alternative forms of a gene at a given locus?
• Having the same solute concentration as another solution is described as which?
• The state produced by establishment of an infective agent in a suitable host is called?
• Which term describes the building block of DNA, composed of sugar, base, and phosphate group?
• A substance formed by two or more atoms of different elements held together by covalent bonds is called a
• What is the degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA?
• A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.
• Which term describes a syndrome marked by three or more of a group of factors including high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and high fasting levels of blood sugar, linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes?
• Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas and is essential for carbohydrate metabolism and regulation of blood glucose?
• Which term describes a simple sugar?
• Which pyrimidine base carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA and pairs with guanine in DNA?
• What is the double-stranded, helical molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins?
• A large molecule formed by joining smaller units.
• Which term describes a spiral-shaped bacterium?
• Which laboratory technique amplifies DNA in vitro using primers, DNA polymerase, and nucleotides?
• To assess the outcome of interest, researchers measure the ______ in an experiment.
• Which type of lymphocyte develops in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies?
• One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual.
• Which test measures the level of hemoglobin A1c in the blood to determine average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months?
• Which group includes molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts?
• Which lipid forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor for steroid synthesis?
• A solution with the same solute concentration as another solution is described as?
• What is the test used to assess the body's ability to metabolize glucose after a measured glucose dose in fasting individuals?
• A vessel that returns blood to the heart.
• Which lipoprotein particle carries the majority of cholesterol in the bloodstream and is commonly elevated in atherosclerosis?
• Which term is an antigen-binding immunoglobulin produced by B cells that functions as the effector in an immune response?
• Which term would you use to describe a valve with three flaps located at the junction between the right atrium and right ventricle?
• What organic monomer serves as the building block of proteins?
• The application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law is called the ...
• Which bodily system includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs and processes stimuli?
• The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
• Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water is described as what?
• Which base of DNA is a pyrimidine that pairs with adenine?
• Which word best fits the idea of a functional assembly composed of multiple units?
• Bond between oppositely charged ions.
• Which purine base pairs with cytosine in DNA?
• Which valve is also known as the bicuspid valve?
• In many contexts, a collection of components arranged to perform a defined set of tasks is called a what?
• A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids is called what?
• The creation of a protein from a DNA template is called what?
• Which term describes an infectious agent that consists of a protein coat surrounding a nucleic acid and relies on living cells to replicate?
• Which term describes a group of cells with a common function?
• Which term describes a polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis?
• A genetic trait is considered dominant if expressed when only one copy of the gene is present.
• A test designed to show that the experimental setup is capable of producing a positive result is the ...
• Which term describes single-celled microorganisms that are often aggregated into colonies or motile by means of flagella, typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants and animals, autotrophic, saprophytic, or parasitic in nutrition, and noted for their biochemical effects and pathogenicity?
• Which surgical procedure repairs or reopens a blocked blood vessel?
• In comparing two solutions, which has the lower solute concentration?
• Which process results in two new nuclei with the same chromosome number as the parent nucleus?
• A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses.
• Which term describes a double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded through dehydration synthesis?
• What term describes any of the branching muscular and elastic-walled vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body?
• A body structure that temporarily closes a passage or permits movement of fluid in only one direction.
• What term describes a sugar in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide?
• Which biomolecule is a three-dimensional polymer made of amino acids?
• Which cell engulfs and consumes foreign material and debris?
• Which system breaks down foods into chemical components for energy and for building and repairing tissues?
• Which lipoprotein particle carries less cholesterol and is associated with a decreased risk of blood vessel blockage?
• A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal is called what?
• Which term describes the complete genetic constitution of an individual?
• Which term describes the display of chromosome pairs arranged by size and shape?
• Which mechanism maintains body homeostasis by counteracting deviations from a set point?
• What word best describes a coordinated set of components designed to achieve a goal?
• Which RNA molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to codons on the mRNA?
• A solution with greater solute concentration than another is described as?
• The observable properties produced by genotype and environment
• Which metabolic disorder is caused by defective or absent LDL receptors and is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, leading to high LDL?
• Which process reduces the chromosome number by half in gamete formation?
• Which term describes the main dissolving medium in a solution?
• Which term refers to a cohesive set of parts designed to achieve a particular result?
• Which RNA molecule functions as an interpreter between nucleic acids and proteins by carrying amino acids?
• Which lipoprotein particle carries more cholesterol and is associated with higher risk of blocked arteries when elevated?
• Which system is responsible for gas exchange between the body and the environment, including structures such as the lungs?
• An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both.